OUR HEART

The human heart is a pear-shaped structure about the size of a fist. The heart is an amazing organ. It is responsible for supplying the body with oxygenated blood. Each time the heart beats, it exerts a pressure on the veins and arteries called blood pressure. Blood pressure is extremely important and must be controlled if it is too high or low.

The heart is made of a special kind of muscle called myocardium, and is enclosed in a double-layered, membranous sac called a pericardium.

The heart lies in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is composed of four chambers, many large arteries and many veins. The four chambers are called atrium and ventricles. A wall of muscle divides the heart into two cavities: the left cavity pumps blood throughout the body, while the right cavity pumps blood only through the lungs. Two chambers of the heart lie in the left cavity and two chambers lie in the right cavity.

All blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins: The superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC).

The SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body. The IVC collects blood from the lower half of the body. Blood leaves the SVC and the IVC and enters the right atrium (RA).

When the RA contracts, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle (RV). When the RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery (PA) and into the lungs where it picks up oxygen.

Why does it happen this way? Because blood returning from the body is relatively poor in oxygen. It needs to be full of oxygen before being returned to the body. So the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs first to pick up oxygen before going to the left side of the heart where it is returned to the body full of oxygen.

Blood now returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins and goes into the left atrium (LA). When the LA contracts, blood travels through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle (LV). The LV is a very important chamber that pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the main artery of the body. It receives all the blood that the heart has pumped out and distributes it to the rest of the body. The LV has a thicker muscle than any other heart chamber because it must pump blood to the rest of the body against much higher pressure in the general circulation (blood pressure).

Here is a recap. Blood from the body flows:

•to the superior and inferior vena cava
•then to the right atrium
•through the tricuspid valve
•to the right ventricle
•through the pulmonic valve
•to the pulmonary artery
•to the lungs

The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:

•to the pulmonary veins
•to the left atrium
•through the mitral valve
•to the left ventricle
•through the aortic valve
•to the aorta
•to the body

Heartbeat, It's a Love Beat

The average heartbeat is 72 times per minute. In the course of one day it beats over 100,000 times. In one year the heart beats almost 38 million times, and by the time you are 70 years old, on average, it's made it to 2.5 billion beats.­

DIGESTION!

The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds.

The duodenum breaks down chyme from the stomach with the aid of the pancreas and gall bladder. The pancreas, a large gland located below the stomach, secretes pancreatic juice, which contains three enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. The gall bladder empties bile, a yellowish or greenish fluid from the liver, into the duodenum when chyme enters that portion of the intestine. Although bile does not contain enzymes, it does have bile salts that help dissolve fats.

OUR HEART

The human heart is a pear-shaped structure about the size of a fist. The heart is an amazing organ. It is responsible for supplying the body with oxygenated blood. Each time the heart beats, it exerts a pressure on the veins and arteries called blood pressure. Blood pressure is extremely important and must be controlled if it is too high or low.

The heart is made of a special kind of muscle called myocardium, and is enclosed in a double-layered, membranous sac called a pericardium.

The heart lies in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is composed of four chambers, many large arteries and many veins. The four chambers are called atrium and ventricles. A wall of muscle divides the heart into two cavities: the left cavity pumps blood throughout the body, while the right cavity pumps blood only through the lungs. Two chambers of the heart lie in the left cavity and two chambers lie in the right cavity.

All blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins: The superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC).

The SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body. The IVC collects blood from the lower half of the body. Blood leaves the SVC and the IVC and enters the right atrium (RA).

When the RA contracts, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle (RV). When the RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery (PA) and into the lungs where it picks up oxygen.

Why does it happen this way? Because blood returning from the body is relatively poor in oxygen. It needs to be full of oxygen before being returned to the body. So the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs first to pick up oxygen before going to the left side of the heart where it is returned to the body full of oxygen.

Blood now returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins and goes into the left atrium (LA). When the LA contracts, blood travels through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle (LV). The LV is a very important chamber that pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the main artery of the body. It receives all the blood that the heart has pumped out and distributes it to the rest of the body. The LV has a thicker muscle than any other heart chamber because it must pump blood to the rest of the body against much higher pressure in the general circulation (blood pressure).

Here is a recap. Blood from the body flows:

•to the superior and inferior vena cava
•then to the right atrium
•through the tricuspid valve
•to the right ventricle
•through the pulmonic valve
•to the pulmonary artery
•to the lungs

The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:

•to the pulmonary veins
•to the left atrium
•through the mitral valve
•to the left ventricle
•through the aortic valve
•to the aorta
•to the body

Heartbeat, It's a Love Beat

The average heartbeat is 72 times per minute. In the course of one day it beats over 100,000 times. In one year the heart beats almost 38 million times, and by the time you are 70 years old, on average, it's made it to 2.5 billion beats.­

DIGESTION!

The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds.

The duodenum breaks down chyme from the stomach with the aid of the pancreas and gall bladder. The pancreas, a large gland located below the stomach, secretes pancreatic juice, which contains three enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. The gall bladder empties bile, a yellowish or greenish fluid from the liver, into the duodenum when chyme enters that portion of the intestine. Although bile does not contain enzymes, it does have bile salts that help dissolve fats.