DIGESTION!
THE DEFINITION:
The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds.
The Alimentary Canal...
THE MOUTHIn the mouth, physical and chemical digestion takes place. Physical: food is chewed and broken down into smaller pieces. Food is rolled into a bolus(a ball) before swallowingChemical: mixed with saliva (salivary amylase), which begins to break down starch into maltoseTHE STOMACH [While we are still slowly chewing our food...]
The stomach begins its production of gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein. Once the bolus touches the stomach lining, it triggers a second release of gastric juice, along with mucus (eww...now we know that mucus is also produced INSIDE us and not only at the nose) that helps protect the stomach lining from the action of the hydrochloric acid (acidic). Food mixes with acid and enzymes which further break our food down. The mixture then proceeds to the duodenum...DID YOU KNOW?Our stimachs are pH. 7 which is acidic! Why? Because of the hydrochloric acid that is produced.THE DUODENUM, JEJUNUM AND THE ILEUM...in other words, our small intestineThe duodenum breaks down chyme from the stomach with the aid of the pancreas and gall bladder. The pancreas, a large gland located below the stomach, secretes pancreatic juice, which contains three enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into the
duodenum through the pancreatic duct. The gall bladder empties bile, a yellowish or greenish fluid from the liver, into the duodenum when chyme enters that portion of the intestine. Although bile does not contain enzymes, it does have bile salts that help dissolve fats.
Digested carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and most of the vitamins, minerals, and iron in food are absorbed in the jejunum. Aiding this absorption are villi, which are many folds (and many more MICRO-villi) which increase the surface area of the small intestine, thus accelerating the rate at which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.The remainder of the small intestine is taken up by the ileum. It is the final place of absorption of some vitamins and other nutrients.TO THE LARGE INTESTINE AND BEYOND!!!
In addition to its function of pumping solid waste, the large intestine removes water from the waste products. In addition, millions of bacteria in the large intestine help produce certain B vitamins and vitamin K, which are absorbed into the bloodstream along with the water.After leaving the sigmoid colon, waste passes through the muscular rectum and then the anus, the last point along the alimentary canal. And that's when you need to go to the toilet...well, not immediately, but you get the picture.HOW LOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONG?In all, the movement of food through the entire length of the alimentary tract takes from 15 to 30 hours, with the majority of that time being taken up by activity in the colon. Food generally spends about three to five hours in the stomach, another four to five hours in the small intestine, and between five and 25 hours in the large intestine.
Digestion
DIGESTION!
duodenum through the pancreatic duct. The gall bladder empties bile, a yellowish or greenish fluid from the liver, into the duodenum when chyme enters that portion of the intestine. Although bile does not contain enzymes, it does have bile salts that help dissolve fats. 
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